考虑时间和地点. Find an appropriate time and place to speak with the distressed person – ideally in private and at a time and place that allows you both to focus on the conversation without distraction.
说出你所看到的. Be objective and describe what you observe that is concerning to you. Avoid making assumptions about why the person is distressed. Indicate that you are concerned about their wellbeing and that you want to help.
Ask about what seems to be happening and then listen. Listen carefully, sensitively, without judgment. Give them your undivided attention. Accept the person “as is,” without agreeing or disagreeing with their behavior or point of view.
同情. Sincerely communicate your understanding of the issue as they describe it, 无论是在内容上还是在感情上.
带来希望. Remind the person that the situation can improve, and that things will not always seem so bad. Avoid criticizing, moralizing, correcting, or trying to fix or make decisions for the person. Give reassurance and information. People can and do recover from mental illness.
Encourage the person to continue to talk about their issues. Remind them that it is normal to talk with someone they can trust when in need of help. Talking is a natural way to relieve stressful emotions. Ask about and encourage self-care techniques they have used in the past.
提供选项. The person may find it helpful to talk with other supportive people. Consider offering to help them reach out while you’re together or even to attend the conversation with them. There are many options for support including a trusted campus community member, 家庭成员, 医疗服务提供者, 精神领袖, 或者心理健康提供者.
随时待命并跟进. Remain open to further discussions. Let them know that you are available if they need you. Check back with the person, because you care about how they are feeling.
Remember Your Role and Your Own Limits. Your role is to provide support and to suggest other options when support is not enough. Do not become more involved than your time and skill permits. If the issues are beyond your ability to help, call a mental health provider and ask how you can best help.
If someone is reluctant to reach out for help (and it’s not an emergency), remember that seeking therapy is a personal choice.
- No one can make a person’s choice for them.
- Don’t force the issue, simply restate your concerns and the available options.
- Suggest that confronting a problem is a positive sign of health and maturity.
- Acknowledge, validate, and discuss the person’s concerns about reaching out for help.
- Remind them that mental health providers years of expertise in helping people like them.
- Remind them that many services are free and confidential.
- Be friendly, remain open and available to help in the future. Suggest they take some time to think it over.
